Ngophuhliso loluntu kunye nemveliso, ukwanda kobutyebi bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, ukuphindaphinda kunye nomonakalo obangelwa ngumlilo kunye neengozi zemizi-mveliso zanda unyaka nonyaka. Inani labantu abafa minyaka le kwimililo eUnited States liphantse libe ngamawaka alishumi, ngelahleko yezoqoqosho eyi-J-700 yezigidi zeerandi. Inani lokufa kwemililo ngonyaka eUnited Kingdom ngamawaka, kwaye ilahleko yezoqoqosho nayo iyamangalisa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imililo neengozi ezinxulumene nomsebenzi nazo ziya zisanda.
Iingozi kunye nelahleko yezoqoqosho ebangelwa zizo ziye zaba yingqwalasela yelizwe lonke. Ngowe-1991, umlilo kunye nokudubula kwisityalo sekhemikhali kwabangela ilahleko yezoqoqosho ngokuthe ngqo ngaphezu kwe-22 yezigidi zeeyuan. Ngo-1993, bekukho imililo engaphezulu kwama-3,800 eTshayina, kwaye ilahleko yezoqoqosho ibikwi-1.120 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ngo-1994, imililo ye-39120 yenzeke, ibangela ilahleko yezoqoqosho engaphezulu kwe-1.120 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan.
Imililo yaseKaramay naseJinzhou eXinjiang ibenempembelelo enkulu. Izakhiwo ezininzi zorhwebo eZhengzhou, eNanchang, eShenzhen naseAnshan, ezithe zabamba umlilo ngokulandelelana, zonke zabangela ilahleko enkulu. Uhlalutyo lwezizathu zomlilo kunye neengozi zemizi-mveliso, iimpahla kunye neempahla ezibangelwa yi-50. Kwangoko kwiminyaka ye-1950, amazwe ehlabathini lonke aqhuba uphando lweendlela zokutshatyalaliswa komlilo kwi-textile. Amanye amazwe, anjenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, iJapan, iJamani kunye namanye amazwe enze amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ezibonelelo kwezinye iimpahla ezilukiweyo, ezibandakanya iimpahla ezikhusela abasebenzi, iipjama zabantwana, amalaphu okuhombisa angaphakathi. NgoJulayi 1973, iUnited States yavala ngokusemthethweni ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ezingazange ziphumelele uvavanyo lokutshisa.ubushushu baseTshayina
Ii. Ukusekwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo kwimpahla yokukhusela izixhobo kunye neempahla ezinqanda ilangatye aziyi kulawula kuphela ukuphuhliswa kweemarike zempahla yokukhusela i-flame-retardant kunye ne-flame-retardant fabrics. Ngaphezu koko, inokukhawulezisa ukuthandwa kunye nokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso yeemveliso ze-flame retardant kunye nokuphucula inqanaba letekhnoloji ye-flame retardant. Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kwimveliso kunye nemigangatho yokuphila, ukusekwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemithetho ye-flame retardant kunye nemimiselo kwihlabathi nayo yahluke kakhulu. Uphando kunye nokuveliswa kwamalaphu abuyisela amadangatye kwaqala kwangoko eTshayina. Kodwa imigangatho yokubuyiswa komlilo yamiselwa emva kwexesha.ubushushu baseTshayina
Ezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zovavanyo lwelaphu elingatshayekiyo,ubushushu baseTshayinaImpahla ekhusela amadangatye kunye nemigangatho yelaphu lokuhombisa engayi kutsha esetyenziswayo ngoku idweliswe kwiThebhile 1, phakathi kwayo imigangatho yokureyitha idangatye ekufuneka inxitywe ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo kwisinyithi, oomatshini, iikhemikhali, i-petroleum kunye namanye amashishini ( GB8965-09). Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, kunzima ukunyanzelisa imigangatho yempahla ekhusela ilangatye kunye nelaphu elibuyisela ilangatye. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokwanda kweengozi zomlilo kunye nomsebenzi, ishishini kunye namasebe olawulo aye agxininisa kakhulu kuyo. Imithetho yokuthintela umlilo yanyanzeliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
NgoSeptemba 1993, i-Ofisi yoShishino lweMetallurgical yakhupha iSaziso sokusetyenziswa kwempahla ekhuselayo yedangatye}t Guan Gan. Esi saziso sasifuna ukuba iindidi ezingama-26 zemizi-mveliso yesinyithi ziqalise ukuxhobisa ilaphu elingatshiyo nelikhuselayo nelaphu elilwa ne-ultraviolet ukususela ngoMatshi 199. NgoJanuwari 199J, iSebe Lemveliso Yesinyithi lakhupha iNombolo 286, nto leyo eyayifuna ukuba ekupheleni kowe-1996, iSebe Lemveliso Yesinyithi Ishishini lemetallurgical lichaze ukuba zonke iintlobo zabasebenzi zinxiba iimpahla ezikhusela amalaphu angasebenziyo angade asebenze. Ikhokelwa nguMphathiswa wezoShishino lweMetallurgical, i-Ofisi yoMbane woMbane, iSebe lezaMahlathi, iSebe lezoShishino lweMichiza, iSebe lezoKhuseleko loLuntu kunye namanye amasebe awise umthetho wokuba afune ukunxitywa kwempahla ekhuselayo engadangayo. Uloliwe, uthutho, amalahle, oomatshini, i-petrochemical, imikhosi yomkhosi kunye nezinye iiyunithi nazo zilungiselela ngenkuthalo ukufakwa kwempahla ekhusela amadangatye. Nxiba iimpahla ezikhusela umlilo. ISiqendu sama-92 soMthetho wezaBasebenzi weRiphabliki yaBantu baseTshayina umisela ukuba amanqaku ayimfuneko okhuseleko lomsebenzi kufuneka anikwe abasebenzi.
Ngomhla we-199 kaMatshi, i-Bureau yoBuchwepheshe boLawulo kunye neSebe lezoKwakha ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe "iKhowudi yoKhuseleko loMlilo loYilo loMhlobiso wangaphakathi" [GB50222-95], ikhowudi ichaza ukuba izinto zokuhombisa zangaphakathi kufuneka zibe yimveliso ye-flame retardant, eBeijing, eTianjin. , iShanghai, iGuangzhou, iDalian kunye nezinye izixeko nazo zichazwe ngokucacileyo, Izakhiwo, iiholo, iipaviliyoni, amaziko kunye nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezingasebenzisi amalaphu okuhombisa angangeni mlilo akuvumelekanga ukuba asebenze. Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yelaphu ye-flame retardant iye yaba lilizwi lelizwe lonke, ibe sisiseko sokuphuhliswa kwemithetho efanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-31-2023